Is extreme obedience necessary for society Essay

Is outrageous dutifulness important for society - Essay Example Outrageous submission prompts consistence of normal practices in the public eye. It guarantees that individuals keep the set principles in the public eye, in this way advancing lawfulness in the general public. Such submission makes it simple for power bodies to apply laws, which advance concurrence in the general public. The dutifulness likewise makes it conceivable to set up progressions in associations as there must be individuals at the head of an association, just as subordinates for associations to work successfully. The Milgrim explore gives a case that portrays consistence to outrageous acquiescence. The test included an exploration planned for contemplating the impacts of discipline on learning. The subjects of the investigation were given the job of an instructor, and were intended to cause another subject to get familiar with a rundown of word sets (McLeod, 1). They were then to give the student an electric stun, and increment the stun level each time the student committed an error. 66% of the instructors utilized in the investigation controlled the most elevated level of the electric stun, in spite of the student whining of torment. This analysis indicated that power figures have ability to apply extraordinary acquiescence regarding their matters. The instructors were told by a power to oversee significant levels of torment, and a large portion of them acted in light of the orders, along these lines directing the most elevated level of the electric stun. Notwithstanding, 33% of the examination subjects didn't manage the most elevated level of the electric stun, which implies that not every person follows the provided arranges carefully. The Zimbardo prison pretend included the utilization of understudies to assume the job of detainees and watchmen (Zimbardo 1). The individuals who took up the job of gatekeepers acted in extraordinary fierceness, while those in the job of detainees acted in complete acquiescence to the watchmen. This indicated individuals, and for this situation the detainees will in general obey orders given by power figures. Extraordinary compliance helps in guaranteeing that rules are

You Wont Believe What The Most Popular College Extracurriculars Are

Extracurriculars are generally what understudies anticipate most in secondary school. Regardless of whether its a varsity sports group or a venue club, understudies go on the grounds that theyre enthusiastic about it. School takes extracurriculars to an unheard of level. Understudy contribution is a lot higher, since the greater part of the gatherings are understudy run with constrained workforce management. That is the reason extracurriculars can be a main factor when applying to school. Here are probably the most famous extracurriculars nearby at Miami OH, Stanford, Williams, UCSC and Princeton:Greek Life10152847319757653FB(Miami OH ‘15) Greek life is inescapable at Miami. Regardless of whether you have any enthusiasm for joining the Greek people group, you will without a doubt collaborate with it normally nearby. A portion of the Greek associations are acceptable however most do not have an unmistakable strategic. They lecture a certain something yet do another (in any event that is my experience - I attempted it, beginning promising and remained for a month before I chose it wasnt for me). The following most well known understudy associations are the coed scholastic societies which are extraordinary for praises understudies and individuals planning to arrange in their field or study or later on calling. From that point onward, the following most mainstream understudy associations are things like Campus Crusaders and College Republicans (gives you a thought of the understudy body).A Capellaastein(Stanford ‘19): Stanford has a practically overpowering number of extracurriculars to join. Some are normal to a great deal of universities: SWE (Society of Women Engineers), Mock Trial, Debate, Club Sports, A Capella gatherings, etc. Be that as it may, there is most likely a club for any movement you need to do, and some youve never knew about! Everybody at Stanford has heard our mind blowing Taiko drummers play, and during direction we saw the spectacul arly capable Stanford Jump Rope gathering. I am a piece of the Stanford Shakespeare organization and would like to be dynamic in the numerous other understudy run theater bunches nearby. A Capella is HUGE. You would prefer not to miss their shows. You will see individuals from the Stanford Ax Committee terminating T-shirts into the crowd at football match-ups. Simply the other week the Happiness Club left decent notes and confections on the entirety of the bicycle situates around my quarters. Whatever it is that you love to do you can discover it here. What's more, if by some possibility you dont, you can begin your own club!Outdoor Activities 869749923096609FB (Williams ‘19): Its fundamental to consider the sort of school setting youd like as you choose which universities to apply to. Williams is set in a rustic air, settled in the Berkshire mountains. Subsequently, the most well known exercises are open air related, such as climbing, sports, and diversion. In the event that you are an energetic individual who respects nature/are motivated by it as a likely craftsman/essayist/competitor, you might need to find out that most of schools you apply to can bolster that. Characteristic setting is one of only a handful barely any things you wont need to pay for in school, and it can offer a ton of free exercises, while a school in a city will pass on a great deal of shrouded charges after some time. SportsAlinette(UCSC ‘19): At UC Santa Cruz, numerous understudies exploit the excellent condition that encompasses them nearby. Famous exercises understudies partake in incorporate investigating the immense Redwoods timberland through different climbing trails and hiking uses, taking an interest in a few degrees of sports through the OPERS physical projects including softball, swimming, rock-climbing, soccer, and others, playing a functioning job in understudy government exercises all through the few unique Colleges (your picked private connection) around grounds, for example, the Student Union Assembly, the Student Government, and the universities a few Student Senates. The club perspective at UCSC is incredibly dynamic, and most understudies are a piece of various associations and communities.Dance Groupsannajustine19 (Princeton ‘18): Many individuals appear to be in sports groups of every single diverse kind - womens club soccer is by all accounts large, as does footba ll. Ive been shocked by the quantity of move bunches nearby; they generally appear to promote another show! Acappella is immense, similar to the quantity of performing expressions bunches nearby: comedy theater, melodic theater, and so on and so forth. I am aware of at any rate 8 account and financial aspects clubs nearby that numerous individuals join, including AdThis, which is a publicizing club. There are social equity gatherings and volunteer gatherings and ecological gatherings - truly all that you could envision! Im sure in the event that I plunked down and attempted to make a rundown, I would just cover a small amount of the understudy clubs and exercises at Princeton.Whether you’re simply beginning your quest or you’re searching for help applying, it’s never too soon to make the school application process easier.Searchto discover understudies like you orcontact a mentorfor help with the affirmations procedure so you can limit your decisions and get a he ad start.

Principles of Taxation for Business and Investment Planning free essay sample

In 2014, Connor Inc. (a schedule year C enterprise) declared its expectation to develop an assembling office in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia. So as to persuade the company to find the office in Augusta County, the area contributed a six-section of land tract of lacking civil land to Connor Inc. The assessed estimation of the land at the date of commitment (December 6, 2014) was $475,000. During 2015, Connor Inc. paid $9,300 to a lawyer to do a title search to ensure that the partnership had uncontested responsibility for land. The enterprise likewise paid $3,850 2015 genuine property charge on the land, $16,400 for a total review and point by point site guide of the six sections of land, and $7,900 for two water wells bored on the land.In January 2016, the lawyer found that the Estate of Elsa Reynolds asserted title to the six sections of land and was planning to record suit in Virginia state court to recover proprietorship and ownership. The lawyer exhorted Connor Inc. We will compose a custom article test on Standards of Taxation for Business and Investment Planning or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page that the estate’s guarantee seemed legitimate and would be maintained by the court. Thusly, the partnership educated Augusta County that it was repudiating all case to the land and would construct its new assembling office in Rockingham County. In August 2014, Connor Inc. bought 115 sections of land of land in the Tidewater zone of Virginia at an all out cost of $1,896,000. At date of procurement, the State Planning Commission zoned the land for agrarian use. Connor wanted to officially demand that the land be rezoned for private turn of events. When the land was rezoned, Connor wanted to partition it into half-section of land parcels and manufacture single-family homes. At the hour of Connor’s buy, the State Planning Commission was unequivocally ace turn of events and routinely affirmed such rezoning demands. Accordingly, at the hour of procurement, Connor Inc. anticipated no legitimate hindrance to its improvement plan.Before Connor’s lawyer could document the rezoning demand with the State Planning Commission, the Virginia Environmental Protection Agency gave new guidelines growing the meaning of secured wetlands. As per Virginia law, ensured wetlands may not be created for private or business use under any conditions. Shockingly for Connor Inc., the 115 sections of land in the Tidewater obviously fell inside the meaning of ensured wetlands under the new guidelines. After a few discussions with individuals from the VEPA, Connor’s lawyer reasoned that Connor Inc. had no reason for mentioning a special case to the non-improvement rule. For 2016 neighborhood land charge purposes, the 115 sections of land of wetlands have an evaluated estimation of $50,000. Connor needs to sell the land however can't locate an intrigued purchaser. Connor is presently allowing the Virginia Audubon Society and the Boys Scouts of America to utilize the property for nothing to lead winged animal and natural life watching trips for their members.RequiredIdentify the assessment issues proposed by these realities and plan your examination questions as needs be. After each question, show the IRC source, guidelines and any legal disputes which may assist you with addressing the inquiries.

The War of 1812 Free Essays

The War of 1812: It’s Importance to America The War of 1812 is presumably our most dark clash. Albeit an extraordinary arrangement has been expounded on the war, the normal American is just dubiously mindful of why we battled or who the adversary was. Indeed, even the individuals who know something about the challenge are probably going to recall just a couple of sensational minutes, for example, the composition of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner,† the consuming of the nation’s capital, or the Battle of New Orleans. We will compose a custom exposition test on The War of 1812 or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now For what reason is this war so dark? One explanation is that no incredible president is related with the contention. Despite the fact that his adversaries called it â€Å"Mr. Madison’s War,† James Madison was bashful and respectful, barely matching such war pioneers as Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, or Franklin Roosevelt. Also, the best American officers in this war †Andrew Jackson, Jacob Brown, and Winfield Scott †couldn't switch things around in light of the fact that every wa kept to an a couple of theaters in a war that had seven or eight theaters. Nobody like George Washington, Ulysses Grant, or Dwight Eisenhower developed to put his stamp on the war and to convey the country to triumph. In spite of the fact that these things are valid however, the War of 1812 is the most significant occasion for America, since it formally broke us as the United States of America separated from Great Britain. Another explanation behind the lack of definition of this war is that its causes are mind boggling and minimal saw today. Most researchers concur that the war was battled about oceanic issues, especially the Orders in Council, which confined American exchange with the European Continent, and impressment, which was the Royal Navy’s practice of expelling sailors from American trader vessels. In contemporary speech, the war was battled for â€Å"Free Trade and Sailors’ Rights. † These issues appear to be arcane today. Also, the main way that the United States to strike at Great Britain was by assaulting Canada, and that made it resemble a war of regional hostility. Indeed, even today Canadians are probably going to see the war in this light, and who can accuse them? A war battled to make sure about oceanic rights by attacking Canada strikes numerous individuals as inquisitive. The arraignment of the war was damaged by extensive screwing up and bungle. This was incompletely because of the idea of the republic. The ation was too youthful and juvenile †and its legislature too weak and unpracticed †to arraign a significant war proficiently. Governmental issues likewise had an impact. Federalists enthusiastically restricted the contention, thus too did a few Republicans. Indeed, even the individuals who bolstered the war quarreled among themselves and n ever showed the kind of enthusiastic energy that has been so obvious in other American wars. The backers of war seemed to help the contention more with their heads than their souls, and more with their souls than their handbags. Thus, endeavors to collect men and cash lingered a long ways behind need. Regardless of the fumbling and apathetic help that described this contention, the War of 1812 was not without its mixing minutes and unbelievable triumphs. American accomplishment at the Thames in the Northwest, the triumphs at Chippewa and Fort Erie on the Niagara front, the stirring safeguard of Baltimore in the Chesapeake, and the devastating annihilation of the British at New Orleans †all these indicated that with appropriate initiative and preparing American battling men could stand their ground against the very much bored and fight solidified regulars of Great Britain. Likewise, the maritime triumphs on the northern lakes and the high oceans and the accomplishment of privateers around the world exhibited that, given the correct chances, the nation’s outfitted boats coordinated up well against even the vaunted and apparently powerful Mistress of the Seas. The war likewise created a lot of heroesâ€people whose notorieties were upgraded by military or taxpayer supported organization. The war helped launch four men into the administration †Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, James Monroe, and William Henry Harrison †and three men into the bad habit administration †Daniel D. Tompkins, John C. Calhoun, and Richard M. Johnson. The war additionally gave a critical lift to the political or military professions of other men. Without a doubt, for some youngsters eager for advancement, the war offered a brilliant take off platform for a vocation. Somehow or another, the War of 1812 looked more to the past than to what's to come. As America’s second and last war against Great Britain, it resounded the belief system and issues of the American Revolution. It was the second and last time that America was the longshot in a war and the second and last time that the country attempted to overcome Canada. It was likewise the last time that Indians assumed a significant job in deciding the eventual fate of the landmass. In this sense, the War of 1812 was the remainder of the North American provincial wars. The war was abnormal in producing such intense political resistance and about one of a kind in consummation in an impasse on the front line. Albeit most Americans imagined they had won the war †in any event, considering it a â€Å"Second War of Independence†Ã¢â‚¬they could highlight hardly any solid additions †absolutely none in the harmony bargain †to support this case. It is this absence of accomplishment that may best clarify why the war is so little recollected. Americans have typically passed judgment on their wars based on their prosperity. The most popular wars †the Revolution, the Civil War, and World War II †were all obvious triumphs. Albeit numerous individuals recalled the War of 1812 as a triumph, it was undeniably a disappointment, and maybe this is the reason it pulls in so little consideration today. The lack of clarity of this war, in any case, ought not visually impaired us to its hugeness, for it was a significant defining moment, an incredible watershed, throughout the entire existence of the youthful republic. It finished up right around a fourth of a time of disturbed tact and divided governmental issues and introduced the Era of Good Feelings. It denoted the finish of the Federalist party yet the vindication of Federalist arrangements, a significant number of which were embraced by Republicans during or after the war. The war likewise broke the intensity of American Indians and strengthened the amazing propensity of Anglophobia that had been produced by the Revolution an age previously. Also, it advanced national fearlessness and energized the strong expansionism that lay at the core of American international strategy for the remainder of the century. At last, the war gave the juvenile republic a large group of expressions, images, and melodies that helped Americans characterize what their identity was and where their young republic was going. Albeit looking to the past, the war was full of ramifications for the future, and therefore today merits contemplating, and that is the reason it is the most significant occasion for America. The most effective method to refer to The War of 1812, Essays

What is critical read in g Essays - Learning, Philosophy, Argument

What is basic perused in g Study direct Basic perusing is a significant antecedent to basic composition. This Study Guide clarifies why basic perusing is significant, and gives a few thoughts regarding how you may turn into a progressively basic peruser. Other Study Guides you may discover valuable are What is basic composition? Utilizing sections and The craft of altering. What is basic perused in g? The most trademark highlights of basic perusing are that you will: test in e the proof or contentions introduced; look at any in fluences on the proof or contentions; look at the impediments of study structure or core interest; test in e the in terpretations made; and choose to what degree you are set up to acknowledge the creators' contentions, operation in particles, or ends. For what reason do we have to adopt a basic strategy to peruse in g? Notwithstanding how target, specialized, or logical the topic, the author(s) will have settled on numerous choices during the exploration and creative cycle, and every one of these choices is a potential point for assessment and discussion, instead of for daze acknowledgment. You should be set up to step into the scholastic discussion and to make your own assessment of the amount you are eager to acknowledge what you read. A commonsense beginning stage in this way, is to consider anything you read not as actuality, however as the contention of the essayist. Taking this beginning stage you will be prepared to participate in basic perusing. Basic read in g do es not need to be all negative The point of basic perusing isn't to discover issue, yet to survey the quality of the proof and the contention. It is similarly as valuable to presume that an investigation, or an article, presents solid proof and a very much contemplated contention, for what it's worth to recognize the examinations or articles that are powerless. Proof Contingent upon the sort of composing it is, and the control where it sits, various types of proof will be introduced for you to look at. At the specialized and logical finish of the range, important proof may remember data for: estimations, timing, gear, control of unessential variables, and cautious adhering to of standard techniques. Explicit direction will be accessible inside fortes on what to search for. At the opposite finish of the range is composing where there is more clear extension for individual understanding, for instance: investigation of in dividuals' encounters of social insurance; the interpretation of a book from an unknown dialect; or the recognizable proof and examination of a scope of topics in a novel. In these cases the proof may incorporate things, for example, cites from interviews, concentrates of content, and charts demonstrating how subjects may associate. The idea of the proof introduced at these two boundaries is unique, yet in the two cases you have to search for the method of reasoning for the determination and understanding of the proof introduced, and the justification for the development of the contention. Widen in g the def in ition of proof This Study Guide takes a wide perspective on proof: it keeps up that all that you read can be considered as proof, not simply the real information gathered/introduced. This envelops: the report of the setting with in which the information we re gathered or made; the decision of the strategy for information assortment or determination; the review trail for the examination of the information i.e.: the choices made and the means in the investigation procedure; the justification for the in terpretations made and the ends drawn; the pertinence of, and the utilization made of the hypothetical point of view, belief system, or reasoning that is underp in n in g the contention. L in k in g proof to contention All alone, proof can't add to scholarly discussion. The understanding and introduction of that proof inside a contention permits the proof to make a commitment. The term contention' in this setting implies the deliberately built reason for the enquiry, and for the spot of its outcomes inside the scholarly field. It will clarify for instance: why the creators thought about that what they did was worth doin g; why it was worth doin g in that specific way; why the information gathered, or the material chose, we re the most fitting; how the ends attracted l k to the more extensive setting

These are the 10 Most Exciting Mantras for Meditation

These are the 10 Most Exciting Mantras for Meditation According to statistics, 31% of men and 36% of women in the US say are looking for a way to reduce their everyday stress. 13% state they find it difficult to relax in the evenings and the weekends are even not enough. 7% of both genders say they even have troubles unwinding while on a vacation. And according to WebMD, practicing meditation for as little as 10 minutes a day you can have higher success when trying to ‘control stress, decrease anxiety, improve cardiovascular health, and achieve a greater capacity for relaxation’.This article will give you some helpful advice how to achieve higher levels of focus and relaxation via using meditation mantras and will offer you several other helpful techniques.WHAT IS A MEDITATION MANTRAMeditation could have various purposes. Some people meditate to achieve inner peace, others â€" to accomplish higher focus, or for self-motivation. There are guided meditation techniques aimed at assisting the participant to sleep better, to lose weight, to quit drinking… A mantra is supposed to help you clear your consciousness out of the noise, so you can make room for one idea you want to concentrate on. A mantra is an idea, a philosophy or a world overview, concentrated in a sentence, a phrase or even one word. Repeating your mantra in your mind will immerse you completely in an idea and will bring you closer to your goal. THE 10 BEST MEDITATION MANTRAS EVERThe purpose of using the mantra is to shut out the outside world. You need to forget the thoughts that are cluttering your mind during your everyday life and concentrate on the thought that will help you grow. The first step towards this is to choose your mantra. Select a chant that speaks to you. Even if what originally attracts you is the music of it, make sure you have an overall understanding of its meaning. Behind every mantra stands an idea, an understanding of life, of you, of the universe. Only when you know your mantra, you can immerse completely in the meditation process.If you are having difficulties shutting out, occupy more of your senses in it. Get your hands on a good quality notebook and write your mantra over and over again. Be conscious of your handwriting. Each copy must resemble the others. Gradually, you can go to chanting or whispering. If it works for you, you can continue towards silent repetition. 1. Aum or the OmPronounced ‘Ohm’. The primal cry. It means ‘It Is, Will Be or To Become’. It is the most universal mantra. For its simplicity and specific sound, it is considered to be the sound of the universe. It represents the original vibration, the cycle of life the birth and death. Reincarnation. Research tells us there could be a scientific reason behind the popularity of Aum. Chanting Aum is thought to match the natural frequency of the universe 432 Hertz, thereby bringing us to harmonically resonate with the cosmos. In contrast, most modern music is thought to be consistent with the 440 Hertz frequency.Aligning yo urself with the lower frequency will calm you down and ease you into your meditation process.2. Om Namah ShivayaThe translation is ‘I bow to Shiva’. Shiva is the supreme God of transformation who represents the highest self.’ It is one of the most popular Hindu mantras. It is called the Shiva Panchakshara or simply Panchakshara. The five syllable mantra. (‘Om’ is excluded.) The mantra originates in the Krishna Yajurveda, where it appears several times without its first syllable. The five syllables â€" ‘Na Ma Si Va and Ya are thought to represent five elements of the world â€" ‘Na’ represents ‘earth’. ‘Ma’ represents ‘water’. ‘Si’ represents ‘fire’. Va represents the ‘Pranic air’ and the ‘Ya sound represents the sky or ether. ‘Om Namah Shivaya’ is considered to bring you closer to the deity of Shiva, and everything in nature it represents. 3. Hare KrishnaThe entirety of the mantra goes ‘Hare Krishna Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna Hare Ha re, Hare Rama Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare’ and it is simply the repetition of the many names of Krishna. It was popularized by the Hare Krishna movement.The Hare Krishna movement â€" the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) â€" unites various centers, temples, communities, meeting groups and others, dedicated to the tradition of the tradition within the Vedic or Hindu culture. The ISKCON movement believe that the name of God in known to the people in many variations, including Allah, Jehovah, Yahweh, Rama. They have popularized the maha-mantra to acknowledge the unity of faith. 4. I am that I amWhen Moses asked for his name, God’s answer to Moses, according to the famous lines of the Hebrew Torah, was ‘Ham-Sah’, or ‘I am that I am’. ‘I am that I am’ reaffirms the conscious presence of God that is everything, where everything that is, is the infinite God. While meditating, breathe in while saying ‘ham’. With that, you acknowledge your prese nce and everything that you are â€" your senses, your feelings, your experiences. Breathing out and continue saying ‘sa’ and with that you align everything that you are, with everything that there is. The lives of those before you, with their senses, feelings and experiences. The nature. And the universe. 5. Aham-PremaThe mantra is pronounced as ‘Aah-ham-pree-mah’. It translates to ‘I am Divine Love’.Chanting this mantra, you are aligning yourself with divine love everything that unconditional love is and can be for you. Acceptance, purity, compliance, admiration, adoration, appreciation, gratitude, forgiveness, affection, emotion, harmony. ‘Aham Prema’ is a simple mantra to be repeated in a chant 108 times. It brings together mind, body, and soul in peace. It will help you leave your past behind. It will clear your mind from distraction and will give you purpose. ‘Aham Prema’ will energize you and give you a fresh start. 6. Ho’oponopono Pronounced ‘ho-oh-po no-pono’, it is an ancient Hawaiian Mantra. The meaning would be: ‘I love you; I’m sorry; please forgive me; thank you.’. It is preferred by people who find themselves to be overwhelmed by feelings of anger, shame, who have issues cause by complex interpersonal relationships, or find themselves to be unable to express their feelings towards their loved ones. People who feel they have been wronged and find it difficult to achieve forgiveness themselves. Saying ‘I love you’ opens your heart. Saying ‘I’m sorry’ keeps you humble. Saying ‘Please forgive me’ acknowledges your imperfections and saying ‘thank you’ expresses your gratitude. The mantra will heal your karmic imprint and give you a chance for a fresh start. 7. Om Mani Padme HumThe translation of the mantra would be ‘Hail the Jewel in the Lotus’. It is a mantra, used by Tibetan Buddhists to achieve the ultimate state of compassion, also known as Chenrezig. The mantra can be divided seen as a whole o f all of its components.‘Om’ is the primal sound of the universe. It brings you harmony and aligns you with the energy of the cosmos. ‘Ma’ â€" strips you down from your needs. It takes you away from the world of the physical and it guides you towards the spiritual. ‘Ni’ â€" Releases you from passion and desire. It leaves you peaceful and content. ‘Pad’ â€" frees you from ignorance and prejudice. You are left with love and acceptance. ‘Me’ â€" releases you from possessiveness. You are ready accept the world as it is. ‘Hum’ â€" liberates you from hatred. 8. BuddhoA mantra, associated with the Mahayana or Vajrayana Buddhism, and a significant part of the Theravada tradition. Repeating Buddha’s name or other phrases in Pali is considered to be assisting the participant towards developing loving kindness. ‘Buddho’ comes to signify His title, rather than his name. By repeating the mantra, you are calling for the enlightened teacher to bring you peace, harmony between yourself and the world, harmony between the sensual and the spiritual world. Sit comfortably on the ground and take several deep breaths before you begin. Next, breathing in, say a long ‘Bud-’, breathing out, continue ‘-dho’.The mantra will bring you clarity and brightness at the end of your session. 9. Lumen de LumineLumen De Lumine is the chant of the light. It helps you feel open to the world. It will immerse the participant in light. If your life is overpowered by darkness, Lumen De Lumine clears your aura and fills you in with brightness and energy. You will feel more awake and revitalized. It is the perfect balance between power and peace.The mantra will give you the confidence you are protected from bad energies. You will feel strong, untouchable, invincible, like the sun. Lumen De Lumine can touch anyone. You do not need to close yourself in your mind with this chant. Think of your beloved to send them positive energy and thoughts. 10. Sat, Chit, AnandaAlso known as Satchitananda, a compound Sanskrit word comprised of the three words ‘sat’, ‘cit’ and ‘ananda’. Sat means ‘existence, being present, being alive, surviving, being true, being good, being right, natural, knowledgeable, honest’Chit means ‘sense, feel, recognize, comprehend, acknowledge, to think about something, to form an idea, to be conscious, to think, to consider’Ananda means ‘joy, bliss, pleasure, enjoyment, happiness, pure elation’5 PERSONAL MANTRASA mantra will only be helpful to you if you fully believe the idea behind it. If you are a beginner in meditation and you are not too familiar with the ancient traditions it is rooted in, it might be helpful to you to create your own chant. Here are some tips: Try this: take a piece of paper and write down the words/ideas you want to immerse yourself in. Just brainstorm. Now, if you can create a sentence or two out of the chaos, use those. If not, just repeat the words. However, keep the mantra short. Up to 10-15 words.Make sure you start with a word that means something to you. Start with the word that signifies your goal: ‘Peace.’, ‘Joy.’, ‘Love.’, ‘Faith.’ Or ‘Harmony.’The mantra must have a direction, but it should stay in the positive: For example, instead of saying ‘I am not worried,’ say ‘I am peaceful’.Repetition is key. For beginners, it could feel strange at first. Just relax and start the process. You can start with as little as 20 repeats. However, since the ultimate goal of a mantra is to block the world outside, the more you repeat and concentrate on the mantra the further you will dive inside your consciousness. Don’t count. Aim for a certain amount of time in repetition instead of a certain amount of repetitions. And here are some suggestions:I am full of light.Much like Lumen de Lumine, this chant will help you wrap your mind around three powerful concepts at the same time. First of all, light is pure. Saying ‘I am full of light’ will help you clear all dark thoughts, all dark energies. All worries, all envy, all hatred, all guilt will go away. Second, light is power. You will suddenly feel more confident, more able. You will feel braver. You can follow your heart, your dreams, your emotions. You will feel freedom. Third, purity plus power equals love. You will feel more open to others, you will perceive others to be more open-hearted towards you. Past, present and future are one.Everything is here to pass. It is a powerful mantra to free you from the burdens of the past and to liberate you from the ambitions of the future.While chanting the mantra, imagine the world as a whole. As one moment. From the big bang, to forming our galaxy, the Earth, your genes, your body. Imagine yourself as a child and the pathways and decisions that brought you to where you are today. Imagine how all your decisions could have created all the different versions of you. Imagine holding your hands with another you and another yo u, all living in harmony. I feel. I exist.This chant will bring your mind and your body together. Your emotional self and your sensual self will become one. Breathe in. Imagine yourself, sitting on the floor, and gradually expand your vision to outside of your house, up through the clouds, seeing the Earth from above. Continue expanding until you see the galaxy, swirling around slowly. Now gradually go back to yourself. Now breathe out and breathe in again. Touch your forehead, your arms, your belly, your legs and your toes. Gradually go back to your forehead. Imagine your blood vessels, your nervous system, your heart. Your cells.You have now imagine everything that is bigger than you. And everything that is smaller. What you can manage, and what you are in awe of. Acknowledge you exist. Acknowledge where you are. Love is in everything. Love is everything.Love is a powerful healer. Imagine love as something you can see. It could be light, it could be color, it could be a glow, or a mist or a cloud. Imagine objects and people from your everyday life â€" your way to work, your friends in the office, your local store, your objects at home. Plant love around everything. Your new mantra will help you see the world in a different light. You will feel more at ease in your surroundings, if you try to see purity, light and beauty everywhere around you. I belong. I have faith. In the grand scale of the Cosmos you are just a spec. All your actions, your feelings, your doubts and your stressors are… insignificant. You are but a small particles in this universe. But you belong. With your feelings, you connect to others. With the mere matter that comprises your body, you are the same as the Universe. The atoms â€" the protons and the electrons that comprise your body are the same protons and electrons that the stars are made of. You belong. You are a part of a beautiful, harmonic world. You are part of a bigger plan. Watch this fascinating YouTube video that scientifical ly explains the effects of the state of FLOW â€" a state that can be induced on the brain via edge-cutting technology, but can also be successfully achieved naturally via meditationMORE ADVICE FOR SUCCESSFUL MEDITATIONMeditation is rooted in tradition centuries of tradition. Years and years of people practicing the same ritual, thereby connecting their consciousness in a never-ending chain of existence. But what is most important is that it works. Don’t be intimidated by meditation. There is a culture, there is a science, but before all else, there is a very simple ritual. You don’t need to be a monk, you don’t need to grow a beard or committing to a vow of silence.Here is some helpful advice how to improve your state of consciousness during meditation:Be comfortableDuring meditation, you need to free your mind and your body from all negativity. You cannot do that while your back hurts. Choose a part of your home where you feel good energy. Lay down a thick mat that will cush ion your weight even if you stay in the same position for a prolonged period of time. Beautify your meditation shrine with decorative pillows with complementary colors. Anything that brings you joy. Think sequins, glitter and bright pigments. Add candles, scents, figurines and ornaments of your choosing. Anything that puts you in a blissful, joyful state of mind. This is now your safe space. It is your haven.  Be regularDon’t be hard on yourself in the beginning. If you are trying to meditate to fight stress, do it whenever, and wherever you can. Whenever you feel the need. However, if you are already completely into the idea, and you are still finding it difficult to concentrate, you have to ask yourself if can possibly create a stronger habit. Ideally, you should meditate in the morning, in order to prepare your consciousness for the challenges of the day. Or, in the evening, put yourself to sleep in peace.If you have a hectic schedule, if you work in shifts for example, you don ’t need to meditate at the same time of day, but maybe just after you wake up and just before you fall asleep. Do it your own wayYou don’t need to learn Sanskrit in order to meditate. Create your own meditation shrine. Write down your own mantras. Come up with your own tradition. As long as it works for you. What is most important is: You should know what you are trying to accomplish when meditating You should be able to concentrate on one thought, one idea, that is important to you. At the end of the meditation session you should feel relaxed, at peace, happy. Or just in any way better than you did before you started. Create habitsAgain, you should aim for meditating at the same time of day. Have a particular comfortable clothing when going for your session. Put on the same music that puts you in the right state of mind. Spread around the scent that will put you in the mood. The idea is to be creating an environment that will condition you to relax and concentrate. Being expose d to the same sensations, your diving deep into your consciousness will become a reflex.  Embrace the cultureTry and learn more about the roots of meditation. You will come across some fascinating facts and beautiful accounts and experiences. But if you don’t feel the life of a Yogi is for you even though meditation itself works, don’t deny that part of your life. Reimagine yourself as a modern Yogi. Have respect for your need to clear your consciousness, and acknowledge it is difficult to completely reimmerse yourself in an old culture. CONCLUSIONMeditation works. It has positive results for millions of people across the globe. It is worth giving a try. Weather you go for the classic meditation techniques and chants and embrace tradition, or if you go for a more modern version, in line with the contemporary living you can be equally relieved by the anxieties of life, the worries for the future, the anger for the past and the distractions of today. Choose your way and give it a try. Refine your habits and improve upon your ritual until you feel completely confident with your new state of mind. Whatever you do, remember you are doing it for you, for your consciousness and your own mind. Your mind creates your world.

5 Myths that Devalue Your Content Marketing Strategy

A good content marketing strategy should explain why a company is making the marketing decisions that it is. Anyone reading should see why content marketing is being used, why certain decisions are being made, and why the company wants the image it's pursuing. Unfortunately, since content marketing varies as widely as the brands using it, myths and legends about how to make it work still abound. With 70% of B2B brands planning to use content marketing next year, these myths will continue to spread into a new generation of marketing campaigns. That is, unless we marketers agree to let these myths go the way of Bigfoot and Nessie. New to content marketing? Start off on the right foot with Lucidpress. Myth #1: Trending topics will always work out Let's go viral! There's this idea that the best way to market a brand is by latching onto an outrageous topic which will immediately grab the attention of anyone around. (Oh look, a shiny thing!) While interesting topics are undoubtedly fun, they're not always a surefire win. Marketing topics should always coincide with the company's message and values. Remember that trending topics rarely remain so, and one can quickly change from being adored to being annoying. Sigh—crowds can be so fickle. But setting smart goals for your content, whether it's brand awareness or targeted selling, will help you keep the company's mission as your North Star. An example of doing this the right way? Our sister brand Lucidchart created this hilarious video about dogs (erm, that is, "doggos") that is not only timely Internet humor—it also shows off what you can do with the product. In this case, the topic and the brand fit neatly into the middle of the viral Venn diagram, and the video has been a huge success. Myth #2: Keywords are the most important factor One particularly pervasive myth is that marketers should trust keyword data above all—even over the intentions of potential customers as shown by their search queries. In order for keywords to work at their best, they must be focused on the customer's journey. SEO tools will only get you halfway there. [Click to tweet ] Use keyword data to inform your content marketing strategy, not determine it outright. Think about why someone would search for a particular keyword—and what questions they have that aren't being answered by existing search results. Match individual keywords to the different personas your brand targets so you can speak to the audience who most wants to hear what you have to say. All of this should lead to more interesting, relevant content that's more valuable than simply writing about a keyword. Note: Another myth surrounding keywords is that using them removes any creativity from writing altogether. Not only is this pretty lazy thinking—it actively undermines content writing as a means of marketing the business. SEO and content marketing should work together to support one another, and neither should become too dominant in your strategy. This leads us to our next myth... Myth #3: All storytelling, no selling Content marketing is a form of marketing (shocking, I know) which uses storytelling to draw in prospects and excite them about your brand, product or service. Around half of marketers admit to focusing more on the creative work than on measuring the results—which means they're missing an opportunity to bring themselves into closer alignment with the needs currently driving their customers. You can tell great stories all day long, but if your audience isn't being moved down the funnel, it does very little for your brand's bottom line. To an extent, content marketing can be considered a form of brand building. People often remember the content of a marketing campaign more easily and affectionately than they do the products and services on offer. This has contributed to the belief that storytelling is more important than selling, when in reality they should be equal. The content marketing should enhance your brand's offerings—not the other way around. And speaking of brand building... Myth #4: Content marketing is separate from brand building We touched on this briefly in the previous section, but there is a pervading myth that brand building and content marketing are separate disciplines. In today's world, they intersect. Brand building is accomplished through marketing; the specific nature of content marketing makes it even more useful to growing brands. Brand building and content marketing are best mixed together because they build trust and good rapport between a brand and its followers, while simultaneously helping the brand become more visible and easily recognized. Combining the two results in consistently well-branded content that contributes to a brand's image, reputation and conversion funnel. Myth #5: Your content should only be hosted on your website Content marketing can cover a variety of mediums and senses. However, many brands miss out on exciting possibilities and partnerships by keeping all of their work on their own sites. Podcasting, vlogging and guest blogging open doors to entirely new audiences who might not have interacted with your brand otherwise. You can even look for new channels to help distribute your content. For example, we've had success with a Lucidpress publication on Medium because it plugs us into active reading communities who are interested in our niche. Key takeaway Content marketing has become a popular branding strategy, but it's still shrouded in a variety of myths which make it less successful than it should be. Toss these myths by the wayside and use these tips to connect with loyal brand followers and new audiences. Ready to get started? See how Lucidpress can streamline your content marketing efforts today.

Singapore s Success As A Nation Essay - 1199 Words

In my opinion, Singapore’s success as a nation refers to how Singapore has managed to climb from third world status to first world status today and also how Singapore has managed to handle the continued unrest to maintaining the peace and stability it has today. Hence, I agree to the above statement that the two factors have successfully built a Singapore nation and will continue to be fundamental to Singapore’s future success as a nation. Sustained economic growth has successfully built a Singapore nation as it enables Singapore to have sufficient resources to develop in terms of education, infrastructure, society, health and many others. It also had a major part to play in the transition of our third world to first world status. On the other hand, the presence of a strong military has also successfully built a Singapore nation as it helps Singapore to protect its own sovereignty and control its internal security. With sustained economic growth, comes low unemployment rate and this has helped with the development of the society at large. After the separation from Malaysia, Singapore had a high unemployment rate of about 10%. Over the years, due to sustained economic growth, Singapore has been able to lower the unemployment rate and maintain it at 2% from 2011 to 2014. With more people employed, a sense of belonging is cultivated in the people as they feel that they are able to contribute to the society and the country at large. Also, as monetary issues are less of aShow MoreRelatedSingapore s Future Success As A Nation Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesbuilt a Singapore nation. These two factors will continue to be fundamental to Singapore’s future success as a nation.† Discuss. In my opinion, Singapore’s success as a nation refers to how Singapore has managed to climb from third world status to first world status today and also how Singapore has managed to handle the continued unrest to maintaining the peace and stability it has today. Hence, I agree to the above statement that the two factors have successfully built a Singapore nation and willRead MoreEconomy of Singapore 1077 Words   |  5 Pageshow government strategies and economic policy play a crucial role in the success of High Performance Asian Economies (HPAEs) during 1960 to 1990 (World Bank 1993).There are eight countries within HPAEs: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Its economic development has significantly rise that it was name ‘East Asia Miracle’ (World Bank, 1993). Out of the eight country, Singapore, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea were known as â€Å"Asia’s Four Little Dragon†Read MoreEast Asia is a diverse region housing some of the largest nations in the world as well as some of1300 Words   |  6 Pagesthe largest nations in the world as well as some of the smallest. Remarkably, over the past 20 years, the region of East Asia has experienced overwhelming success and growth rates. East Asia currently ranks as one of the top regions in the world in terms of economic success and growth. According to Thomas Leipziger, (Leipziger, 3) The East Asian countries have a record of maintaining political and economic stability and of pursuing long-term economic goals. The success of East AsiaRead MoreSingapore Is A Third World Country Located On The Southern Tip Of The Indian Ocean And The South China1164 Words   |  5 PagesSingapore healthcare system Singapore is a third world country located on the southern tip of the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea (Moh.gov.sg, 2015). It is a well-developed country within Southeast Asia. The territory is an island shaped like a diamond. In late 1960, the island expanded due to land retrieval. Singapore core principles are a meritocracy, multiculturalism, and secularism (Moh.gov.sg, 2015). The country is a parliamentary republic, and the officials languages are English, MalayRead MoreThe Democratic Process Of Southeast Asian Countries1478 Words   |  6 PagesThe democratic process of Southeast Asian countries, such as Malaysia and Singapore, has seen very little significant changes from civil society action. While each of these countries have claimed to be democratic nations, there has been little change in terms of government rule since their independence. These civil society groups are ones that reflect the ideas and values of a group of people, in pursuit of a common goal. The changes that have resulted are in Malaysia and Singapore’s governmentsRead MoreAsian Tigers Vs. South Korea1473 Words   |  6 Pagescountries named Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan. These states were highly developed countries. These countries were the first states that shifted to industrialization. All the four Asian tigers have a lot of people who are very educated and are perfect in undertaking their tasks. These countries developed and implemented different policies and this result in economic prosperity and tried to do them than any other state. For instance, Hong Kong and Singapore became the masters of internationalRead MoreA Company Of Organic Skin Care And Home Products1572 Words   |  7 Pagesmarket. We chose Singapore as a start and as a door to the Asian market. Given Singapore’s location we thought it as the best place to start. Eden is interested in introducing green products and living to Singapore and felt it was the best place to introduce thi s concept. In the country, there are a couple of organic food stores and health stores. There is some competition but with careful planning and smart advertising we believe we will be able to get a good size of the market. Singapore has some ecofriendlyRead MoreKey Contextual Language Differences Between Japan And Singapore And The Different Language Education Policies Of The Two Countries1288 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduce the key contextual language differences between Japan and Singapore and the different language education policies of the two countries. 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His experiences and insight into the foreign culture of 1950’s Singapore will be explored in this essay, with specific reference to intercultural communicati on theories covering: Hofstede’s value orientations, attributionsRead MoreThe During World War II1567 Words   |  7 PagesDuring World War II, Singapore was conquered and occupied by the Japanese Empire from 1942 to 1945. British Military Administration was formed to govern the island until March 1946. Much of the infrastructure had been destroyed during the war, including electricity and water supply systems, telephone services, as well as the harbor facilities at the Port of Singapore. There was also a shortage of food leading to malnutrition, disease, and rampant crime and violence. High food prices, unemployment

The Violent Resistance Movement Of Brazil And Mexico

In Gledhill’s and Schell’s book, New Approaches to Resistance: In Brazil and Mexico, the topic of different forms of resistance is mentioned among different groups of people. These groups had different motivations and goals in achieving systematic social change to their local community. The various resistance groups were made up of the poor, marginalized, working class, religious minorities, and ethnic minorities. Moreover, these subaltern groups faced opposition from the powerful elite, which consisted of the government, multinational corporations, wealthy landowners, Catholic religious elite, and white European dominated institutions. However, these subaltern groups used different forms of resistance that changes our perspective of what resistance really means. The subaltern groups used violent, peaceful, covert, and unorganized forms of resistance to achieve their goals. The use of violent resistance by subaltern groups is the most common form of resistance when we think about revolution and change. This form of resistance occurs when elite power structures are attacked by the marginalized in society. In particular, the violent resistance movement led by Maria Lopez in chapter 3 highlights the brutality that is caused by violent revolutions. This resistance movement used any means necessary to eradicate any people or symbols of the Spanish. This subaltern group used murder, torture, and control as a means to achieve social change. Furthermore, the authors point out theShow MoreRelatedRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 Pagesauthority and to centralize power by introducing more efficient systems of tax collection and public administration, the people regarded these changes as violations of sacred customs and sometimes expressed their outrage in violent protests. Such protests aimed to restore custom and precedent, not to achieve revolutionary change. Rationalist Enlightenment reformers also sparked popular opposition when they sought to replace popular festivals withRead MoreThe True Beauty Of Music1430 Words   |  6 Pagesand it helped in the development of new traditions and tourism. After slavery was abolished, Campaign movements like black Nationalism and Rastafarianism emerged. â€Å"Within the twentieth century the Rastafari movement, an Ethiopianist - centered - Pan African organization established in Jamaica in the early 1930s, largely by Leonard Howell, has emerged as one of the key signals of this resistance. This spiritual group was established by its leaders to preach and teach the people the teachings of RastafarianismRead MoreGlobalization : A New Wave Of Christian Thought3019 Words   |  13 Pagesreligion that has been very traditional and its forms are being adopted quickly and spreading. 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Populism in Latin America was characterized by a combination of nationalism, often coded with the language of anti-imperialism and anti-Americanism, and class politics. However, populism did not appeal solely to workers;Read MoreThe Relationship Between Revolution, State Reform, And Industrialization2739 Words   |  11 PagesHaitian, Brazilian, and Mexican independence. For the Haitian Revolution, a slave revolt broke out and was led by a man named Toussaint L’Ouverture. Mexico became independent due to Napoleon invading Spain and weakening the royal control of the colonies and the independence movement led by Simà ³n Bolivar. Pedro the King’s son agreed to an independent Brazil. Industrialization began through new inventions and use of material. Coal replaced the use of wood. Some of the new inventions included the flutteringRead MoreApush Chapter 1 Notes3298 Words   |  14 Pageselaborate societies emerged in - S/Cent. America and Mexico †¢ Peru- Inca Empire (Cuzco and Machu Picchu)(over 6 million people) o Created a complex Political System o Network of Paved Roads that brought tribes together(under single rule) o No system of writing or paper †¢ Yucatan Peninsula- Mayas (Mayapan) o Written Language o Numerical System like Arabic o Accurate Calendar o Advanced Agriculture †¢ Mayans succeeded by Aztecs- Cent. And S Mexico (Tenochtitlan) o once nomadic warrior tribe from northRead More How September 11th Changed American Culture Essay3788 Words   |  16 Pageseducation. These children also happen to lack in nearly every subject when compared to other nations around the globe. Many of the free nations of the world are dealing with terrorism and we all hope for a solution that will prevent any further violent acts committed against innocent people. The situation in Afghanistan actually began in 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded their country. The United States funded money to the mujahedin, or holy warriors, in the name of stopping communism. Read MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 Pagesfootball teams and ownership. The view of the nation and especially its victories are perceived as a result of the virility, machismo, strength, trickery, and craft of the de facto masculine entity† (1997:2.2). He goes on to state that in Brazil, there has been some efforts to establish national soccer programs for women, but these teams and clubs are suffering from extreme lack of funds, exposure and leagues to compete in. Bar-On also provides a powerful example when he refers to

Plot and Themes of J.R.R. Tolkiens Book The Hobbit

The Hobbit: Or, There and Back Again was written by J.R.R. Tolkien as a childrens book and first published in Great Britain in 1937 by George Allen Unwin. It was published just before the outbreak of WWII in Europe, and the book acts as a prologue of sorts for the great trilogy, The Lord of the Rings. While it was originally conceived as a book for children, it has been accepted as a great work of literature in its own right. While The Hobbit was by no means the first fantasy novel, it was among the first to combine influences from multiple sources. Elements of the book draw from Norse mythology, classic fairy tales, Jewish literature, and the works of 19th century Victorian childrens authors such as George MacDonald (author The Princess and the Goblin, among others). The book also experiments with a variety of literary techniques including forms of epic poetry and song. Setting The novel takes place in the fictional land of Middle Earth, a complex fantasy world which Tolkien developed in detail. The book contains carefully drawn maps showing various parts of Middle Earth including the peaceful and fertile Shire, the Mines of Moria, the Lonely Mountain, and Mirkwood Forest. Each area of Middle Earth has its own history, characters, qualities, and significance. Main Characters The characters in The Hobbit include a wide range of fantasy creatures, most drawn from classical fairy tales and mythology. The hobbits themselves, however, are Tolkiens own creation. Small, home-loving people, hobbits are also called halflings. They are very similar to small human beings except for their very large feet. Some of the main characters in the book include: Bilbo Baggins, a quiet, unassuming Hobbit and the protagonist of the story.Gandalf, a wizard who initiates Bilbo’s journey with the dwarves. Gandalf causes Bilbo to set aside his reputation for cautious respectability and go on an adventure that will change the hobbit forever.Thorin Oakenshield, the leader of a group of 13 dwarves who wish to recover a treasure horde stolen by a dragon.Elrond, a wise leader of the elves.Gollum, a once-human creature who found and is governed by a great ring of power.Smaug, the dragon and antagonist of the story. Plot and Storyline The story of The Hobbit begins in the Shire, land of the hobbits. The Shire is similar to a pastoral English countryside, and the hobbits are represented as quiet, agricultural people who shun adventure and travel. Bilbo Baggins, the protagonist of the story, is surprised to find himself hosting a group of dwarves and the great wizard, Gandalf. The group has decided that now is the right time to journey to the Lonely Mountain, where they will retake the dwarves treasure from the dragon, Smaug. They have nominated Bilbo to join the expedition as their burglar. Though initially reluctant, Bilbo agrees to join the group, and they head off far from the Shire into the increasingly dangerous sections of Middle Earth. Along the journey, Bilbo and his company meet up with a wide range of creatures both beautiful and terrible. As he is tested, Bilbo discovers his own inner strength, loyalty, and cunning. Each chapter involves an interaction with a new set of characters and challenges: The group is captured by trolls and nearly eaten, but are saved when sunlight strikes the trolls and they are turned to stone.Gandalf leads the group to the Elven settlement of Rivendell where they meet the Elvish leader, Elrond.The group is caught by goblins and driven deep underground. Although Gandalf rescues them, Bilbo gets separated from the others as they flee the goblins. Lost in the goblin tunnels, he stumbles across a mysterious ring and then encounters Gollum, who engages him in a game of riddles. As a reward for solving all riddles Gollum will show him the path out of the tunnels, but if Bilbo fails, his life will be forfeit. With the help of the ring, which confers invisibility, Bilbo escapes and rejoins the dwarves, improving his reputation with them. The goblins and Wargs give chase, but the company is saved by eagles.The company enters the black forest of Mirkwood without Gandalf. In Mirkwood, Bilbo first saves the dwarves from giant spiders and then from the dungeons of the Wood-elves. Nearing the Lonely Mountain, the travelers are welcomed by the human inhabitants of Lake-town, who hope the dwarves will fulfill prophecies of Smaugs demise.The expedition travels to the Lonely Mountain and finds the secret door; Bilbo scouts the dragons lair, stealing a great cup and learning of a weakness in Smaugs armor. The enraged dragon, deducing that Lake-town has aided the intruder, sets out to destroy the town. A thrush has overheard Bilbos report of Smaugs vulnerability and reports it to Lake-town defender Bard. His arrow finds the chink and slays the dragon.When the dwarves take possession of the mountain, Bilbo finds the Arkenstone, an heirloom of Thorins dynasty, and hides it away. The Wood-elves and Lake-men besiege the mountain and request compensation for their aid, reparations for Lake-towns destruction, and settlement of old claims on the treasure. Thorin refuses and, having summoned his kin from the Iron Hills, reinforces his position. Bilbo tr ies to ransom the Arkenstone to head off a war, but Thorin is intransigent. He banishes Bilbo, and battle seems inevitable.Gandalf reappears to warn all of an approaching army of goblins and Wargs. The dwarves, men, and elves band together, but only with the timely arrival of the eagles and Beorn do they win the climactic Battle of Five Armies. Thorin is fatally wounded and reconciles with Bilbo before he dies. Bilbo accepts only a small portion of his share of the treasure, having no want or need for more, but still returns home a very wealthy hobbit. Themes The Hobbit is a simple tale when compared to Tolkiens masterpiece  The Lord of the Rings. It does, however, contain several themes: It explores the process by which an untested individual develops the insight and skills to become a leader;It guides the reader to question the value of wealth as opposed to peace and contentment;It builds on Tolkiens personal experience in World War I to consider the question of whether victory, though desirable, is worth the price of war.

New Zealand s Legal Architecture And Constitutional...

Democracy is government of the people, by the people, for the people. Many theorists believe that New Zealand has a weak constitutional framework and therefore a weak democratic structure. However there are many other theorists who state that unwritten constitutions bring flexibility, and can evolve with modern society. The accuracy of this statement can be evaluated in relation to New Zealand s legal architecture and constitutional arrangements. New Zealand doesn t have a single codified constitutional document, and it is therefore said to be ‘unwritten.’ Our flexible constitution can be altered by Parliament, because Parliament is supreme. New Zealand has a Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) system of government, meaning we have a majority of minority parties, and this has effected parliamentary sovereignty. Practically, MMP has caused a change to the system of government, and it may not be as easy in reality to alter the constitution, this is because consensus would be harder to achieve. â€Å"Constitutionalism† and the rule of law, implies political responsibility to the people through the legislature, elected by the people. This shows that although in theory New Zealand’s democratic structure may look skeletal and fragile, in practice there are many checks in place that can be said to prevent such weaknesses, these are provided below. Our constitutional documents are sourced in many pieces of legislation. The New Zealand Constitution Act 1852 holds the origins of ourShow MoreRelatedConstitution India7845 Words   |  32 Pagesgovernor(s), who simply govern an institution, such as a corporation or a bank. For example, in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries there are prison governors (warden in the United States), school governors and bank governors. 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He previously taught at the University of Florida and at Oberlin College and has had visiting appointments at Stanford, Harvard, the University of Washington, and New York University. From 1998 to 2006, Jay served as Chair of the Statistics Department at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. The Statistics Department at Cal Poly has an international reputation for activities in statistics education

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIXTEEN CONVERGENCE Free Essays

string(34) " knew nothing of his hidden life\." CONVERGENCE When Stor Gendibal finally made out Compor’s ship on his viewscreen, it seemed like the end of an incredibly long journey. Yet, of course, it was not the end, but merely the beginning. The journey from Trantor to Sayshell had been nothing but prologue. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIXTEEN CONVERGENCE or any similar topic only for you Order Now Novi looked awed. â€Å"Is that another ship of space, Master?† â€Å"Spaceship, Novi. It is. It’s the one we have been striving to reach. It is a larger ship than this one – and a better one. It can move through space so quickly that if it fled from us, this ship could not possibly catch it – or even follow it.† â€Å"Faster than a ship of the masters?† Sura Novi seemed appalled by the thought. Gendibal shrugged. â€Å"I may be, as you say, a master, but I am not a master in all things. We scholars do not have ships like these, nor do we have many of the material devices that the owners of those ships have.† â€Å"But how can scholars lack such things, Master?† â€Å"Because we are masters in what is important. The material advances that these others have are trifles.† Novi’s brows bent together in thought. â€Å"It seems to me that to go so quickly that a master cannot follow is no trifle. Who are these people who are wonder – having – who have such things?† Gendibal was amused. â€Å"They call themselves the Foundation. Have you ever heard of the Foundation?† (He caught himself wondering what the Hamish knew or did not know of the Galaxy and why it never occurred to the Speakers to wonder about such things. – Or was it only he who had never wondered about such things – only he who assumed that the Hamish cared for nothing more than grubbing in the soil.) Novi shook her head thoughtfully. â€Å"I have never heard of it, Master. When the schoolmaster taught me letter-lore – how to read, I mean – he told me there were many other worlds and told me the names of some. He said our Hamish world had the proper name of Trantor and that it once ruled all the worlds. He said Trantor was covered with gleaming iron and had an Emperor who was an allmaster.† Her eyes looked up at Gendibal with a shy merriment. â€Å"I unbelieve most of it, though. There are many stories the wordspinners tell in the meeting-halls in the time of longer nights. When I was a small girl, I believed them all, but as I grew older, I found that many of them were not true. I believe very few now; perhaps none. Even schoolmasters tell unbelievables.† â€Å"Just the same, Novi, that particular story of the schoolmaster is true – but it was long ago. Trantor was indeed covered by metal and had indeed an Emperor who ruled all the Galaxy. Now, however, it is the people of the Foundation who will someday rule all the worlds. They grow stronger all the time.† â€Å"They will rule all, Master?† â€Å"Not immediately. In five hundred years.† â€Å"And they will master the masters as well?† â€Å"No, no. They will rule the worlds. We will rule them – for their safety and the safety of all the worlds.† Novi was frowning again. She said, â€Å"Master, do these people of the Foundation have many of these remarkable ships?† â€Å"I imagine so, Novi.† â€Å"And other things that are very-astonishing?† â€Å"They have powerful weapons of all kinds.† â€Å"Then, Master, can they not take all the worlds now?† â€Å"No, they cannot. It is not yet time.† â€Å"But why can they not? Would the masters stop them?† â€Å"We wouldn’t have to, Novi. Even if we did nothing, they could not take all the worlds.† â€Å"But what would stop them?† â€Å"You see,† began Gendibal, â€Å"there is a plan that a wise man once devised†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stopped, smiled slightly, and shook his head. â€Å"It is hard to explain, Novi. Another time, perhaps. In fact, when you see what will happen before we ever see Trantor again, you may even understand without my explaining.† â€Å"What will happen, Master?† â€Å"I am not sure, Novi. But all will happen well.† He turned away and prepared to make contact with Compor. And, as he did so, he could not quite keep an inner thought from saying: At least I hope so. He was instantly angry with himself, for he knew the source of that foolish and weakening drift of thought. It was the picture of the elaborate and enormous Foundation might in the shape of Compor’s ship and it was his chagrin at Novi’s open admiration of it. Stupid! How could he let himself compare the possession of mere strength and power with the possession of the ability to guide events? It was what generations of Speakers had called â€Å"the fallacy of the hand at the throat.† To think that he was not yet immune to its allures. Munn Li Compor was not in the least sure as to how he ought to comport himself. For most of his life, he had had the vision of allpowerful Speakers existing just beyond his circle of experience, Speakers, with whom he was occasionally in contact and who had, in their mysterious grip, the whole of humanity. Of them all, it had been Stor Gendibal to whom, in recent years, he had turned for direction. It was not even a voice he had encountered most times, but a mere presence in his mind-hyperspeech without a hyper-relay. In this respect, the Second Foundation had gone far beyond the Foundation. Without material device, but just by the educated and advanced power of the mind alone, they could reach across the par. sees in a manner that could not be tapped, could not be infringed upon. It was an invisible, indetectable network that held all the worlds fast through the mediation of a relatively few dedicated individuals. Compor had, more than once, experienced a kind of uplifting at the thought of his role. How small the band of which he was one; how enormous an influence they exerted. – And how secret it all was. Even his wife knew nothing of his hidden life. You read "Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIXTEEN CONVERGENCE" in category "Essay examples" And it was the Speakers who held the strings – and this one Speaker, this Gendibal, who might (Compor thought) be the next First Speaker, the more-than-Emperor of a more-than-Empire. Now Gendibal was here, in a ship of Trantor, and Compor fought to stifle his disappointment at not having such a meeting take place on Trantor itself. Could that be a ship of Trantor? Any of the early Traders who had carried the Foundation’s wares through a hostile Galaxy would have had a better ship than that. No wonder it had taken the Speaker so long to cover the distance from Trantor to Sayshell. It was not even equipped with a unidock mechanism that would have welded the two ships into one when the crosstransfer of personnel was desired. Even the contemptible Sayshellian fleet was equipped with it. Instead, the Speaker had to match velocities and then cast a tether across the gap and swing along it, as in Imperial days. That was it, thought Compor gloomily, unable to repress the feeling. The ship was no more than an old-fashioned Imperial vessel and a small one at that. Two figures were moving across the tether – one of them so clumsily that it was clear it had never attempted to maneuver through space before. – Finally they were on board and removed their space suits. Speaker Stor Gendibal was of moderate height and of unimpressive appearance; he was not large and powerful, nor did he exude an air of learning. His dark, deep-set eyes were the only indication of his wisdom. But now the Speaker looked about with a clear indication of being in awe himself. The other was a woman as tall as Gendibal, plain in appearance. Her mouth was open in astonishment as she looked about. Moving across the tether had not been an entirely unpleasant experience for Gendibal. He was not a spaceman – no Second Foundationer was – but neither was he a complete surface worm, for no Second Foundationer was allowed to be that. The possible need for space flight was, after all, always looming above them, though every Second Foundationer hoped the need would arise only infrequently. (Preem Palver – the extent of whose space travels was legendary – had once said, ruefully, that the measure of the success of a Speaker was the fewness of the times he was compelled to move through space in order to assure the success of the Plan.) Gendibal had had to use a tether three times before. This was his fourth use and even if he had felt tension over the matter, it would have disappeared in his concern for Sura Novi. He needed no mentalics to see that stepping into nothingness had totally upset her. â€Å"I be afeared, Master,† she said when he explained what would have to be done. â€Å"It be naughtness into which I will make footstep.† If nothing else, her sudden descent into thick Hamish dialect showed the extent of her disturbance. Gendibal said gently, â€Å"I cannot leave you on board this ship, Novi, for I will be going into the other and I must have you with me. There is no danger, for your space suit will protect you from all harm and there is no place for you to fall to. Even if you lose your grip on the tether, you will remain nearly where you are and I will be within arm’s reach so that I can gather you in. Come, Novi, show me that you are brave enough – as well as bright enough – to become a scholar.† She made no further objection and Gendibal, unwilling to do anything that might disturb the smoothness of her mind-set, nevertheless managed to inject a soothing touch upon the surface of her mind. â€Å"You can still speak to me,† he said, after they were each enclosed in a space suit. â€Å"I can hear you if you think hard. Think the words hard and clearly, one by one. You can hear me now, can’t you?† â€Å"Yes, Master,† she said. He could see her lips move through the transparent faceplate and he said, â€Å"Say it without moving your lips, Novi. There is no radio in the kind of suits that scholars have. it is all done with the mind.† Her lips did not move and her look grew more anxious: Can you hear me, Master? Perfectly well, thought Gendibal – and his lips did not move either: Do you hear me? I do, Master. Then come with me and do as I do. They moved across. Gendibal knew the theory of it, even if he could handle the practice only moderately well. The trick was to keep one’s legs extended and together and to swing them from the hips alone. That kept the center of gravity moving in a straight line as the arms swung forward in steady alternation. He had explained this to Sura Novi and, without turning to look at her, he studied the stance of her body from the set of the motor areas of her brain. For a first-timer, she did very well, almost as well as Gendibal was managing to do. She repressed her own tensions and she followed directions. Gendibal found himself, once again, very pleased with her. She was, however, clearly glad to be on board ship again – and so was Gendibal. He looked about as he removed his space suit and was rather dumbfounded at the luxury and style of the equipment. He recognized almost nothing and his heart sank at the thought that he might have very little time to learn how to handle it all. He might have to transfer expertise directly from the man already on board, something that was never quite as satisfactory as true learning. Then he concentrated on Compor. Compor was tall and lean, a few years older than himself, rather handsome in a slightly weak way, with tightly waved hair of a startling buttery yellow. And it was clear to Gendibal that this person was disappointed in, and even contemptuous of, the Speaker he was now meeting for the first time. What was more, he was entirely unsuccessful in hiding the fact. Gendibal did not mind such things, on the whole. Compor was not a Trantorian – nor a full Second Foundationer – and he clearly had his illusions. Even the most superficial scan of his mind showed that. Among these was the illusion that true power was necessarily related to the appearance of power. He might, of course, keep his illusions as long as they did not interfere with what Gendibal needed, but at the present moment, this particular illusion did so interfere. What Gendibal did was the mentalic equivalent of a snap of the fingers. Compor staggered slightly under the impress of a sharp but fleeting pain. There was an impress of enforced concentration that puckered the skin of his thought and left the man with the awareness of a casual but awesome power that could be utilized if the Speaker chose. Compor was left with a vast respect for Gendibal. Gendibal said pleasantly, â€Å"I am merely attracting your attention, Compor, my friend. Please let me know the present whereabouts of your friend, Golan Trevize, and his friend, Janov Pelorat.† Compor said hesitantly, â€Å"Shall I speak in the presence of the woman, Speaker?† â€Å"The woman, Compor, is an extension of myself. There is no reason, therefore, why you should not speak openly.† â€Å"As you say, Speaker. Trevize and Pelorat are now approaching a planet known as Gaia.† â€Å"So you said in your last communication the other day. Surely they have already landed on Gaia and perhaps left again. They did not stay long on Sayshell Planet.† â€Å"They had not yet landed during the time I followed them, Speaker. They were approaching the planet with great caution, pausing substantial periods between micro-Jumps. it is clear to me they have no information about the planet they are approaching and therefore hesitate.† â€Å"Do you have information, Compor?† â€Å"I have none, Speaker,† said Compor, â€Å"or at least my ship’s computer has none.† â€Å"This computer?† Gendibal’s eyes fell upon the control panel and he asked in sudden hope, â€Å"Can it aid usefully in running the ship?† â€Å"It can run the ship completely, Speaker. One need merely think into it.† Gendibal felt suddenly uneasy. â€Å"The Foundation has gone that far?† â€Å"Yes, but clumsily. The computer does not work well. I must repeat my thoughts several times and even then I get but minimal information.† Gendibal said, â€Å"I may be able to do better than that.† â€Å"I am sure of it, Speaker,† said Compor respectfully. â€Å"But never mind that for the moment. Why does it have no information on Gaia?† â€Å"I do not know, Speaker. It claims to have – as far as a computer may be said to be able to claim – records on every human – inhabited planet in the Galaxy.† â€Å"It cannot have more information than has been fed into it and if those who did the feeding thought they had records of all such planets when, in actual fact, they had not, then the computer would labor under the same misapprehension. Correct?† â€Å"Certainly, Speaker.† â€Å"Did you inquire at Sayshell?† â€Å"Speaker,† said Compor uneasily, â€Å"there are people who speak of Gaia on Sayshell, but what they say is valueless. Clearly superstition. The tale they tell is that Gaia is a powerful world that held off even the Mule.† â€Å"Is that what they say, indeed?† said Gendibal, suppressing excitement. â€Å"Were you so sure that this was superstition that you asked for no details?† â€Å"No, Speaker. I asked a great deal, but what I have just told you is all that anyone can say. They can speak on the subject at great length, but when they have done so, all that it boils down to is what I have just said.† â€Å"Apparently,† said Gendibal, â€Å"that is what Trevize has heard, too, and he goes to Gaia for some reason connected with that – to tap this great power, perhaps. And he does so cautiously, for perhaps he also fears this great power.† â€Å"That is certainly possible, Speaker.† â€Å"And yet you did not follow?† â€Å"I did follow, Speaker, long enough to make sure he was indeed making for Gaia. I then returned here to the outskirts of the Gaian system.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Three reasons, Speaker. First, you were about to arrive and I wanted to meet you at least partway and bring you aboard at the earliest moment, as you had directed. Since my ship has a hyperrelay on board, I could not move too far away from Trevize and Pelorat without rousing suspicion on Terminus, but I judged I could risk moving this far. Second, when it was clear that Trevize was approaching Gaia Planet very slowly, I judged there would be time enough for me to move toward you and hasten our meeting without being overtaken by events, especially since you would be more competent than I to follow him to the planet itself and to handle any emergency that might arise.† â€Å"Quite true. And the third reason?† â€Å"Since our last communication, Speaker, something has happened that I did not expect and do not understand. I felt that – for that reason, too – I had better hasten our meeting as soon as I dared.† â€Å"And this event that you did not expect and do not understand?† â€Å"Ships of the Foundation fleet are approaching the Sayshellian frontier. My computer has picked up this information from Sayshellian news broadcasts. At least five advanced ships are in the flotilla and these have enough power to overwhelm Sayshell.† Gendibal did not answer at once, for it would not do to show that he had not expected such a move – or that he didn’t understand it. So, after a moment, he said negligently, â€Å"Do you suppose that this has something to do with Trevize’s movement toward Gaia?† â€Å"It certainly came immediately afterward – and if B follows A, then there is at least a possibility that A caused B,† said Compor. â€Å"Well then, it seems we all converge upon Gaia – Trevize, and I, and the First Foundation. – Come, you acted well, Compor,† said Gendibal, â€Å"and here is what we will now do. First, you will show me how this computer works and, through that, how the ship may be handled. I am sure that will not take long. â€Å"After that, you will get into my ship, since by then I will have impressed on your mind how to handle it. You will have no trouble maneuvering it, although I must tell you (as you have no doubt guessed from its appearance) that you will find it primitive indeed. Once you are in control of the ship, you will keep it here and wait for me.† â€Å"How long, Speaker?† â€Å"Until I come for you. I do not expect to be gone long enough for you to be in danger of running out of supplies, but if I am unduly delayed, you may find your way to some inhabited planet of the Sayshell Union and wait there. Wherever you are, I will find you.† â€Å"As you say, Speaker.† â€Å"And do not be alarmed. I can handle this mysterious Gaia and, if need be, the five ships of the Foundation as well.† Littoral Thoobing had been the Foundation’s Ambassador to Sayshell for seven years. He rather liked the position. Tall and rather stout, he wore a thick brown mustache at a time when the predominant fashion, both in the Foundation and in Sayshell, was smooth-shaven. He had a strongly lined countenance, though he was only fifty-four – and was much given to a schooled indifference. His attitude toward his work was not easily seen. Still, he rather liked the position. It kept him away from the hurly-burly of polities on Terminus – something he appreciated and it gave him the chance to live the life of a Sayshellian sybarite and to support his wife and daughter in the style to which they had become addicted. He didn’t want his life disturbed. On the other hand, he rather disliked Liono Kodell, perhaps because Kodell also sported a mustache, though one which was smaller, shorter, and grayish-white. In the old days, they had been the only two people in prominent public life who had worn one and there had been rather a competition between them over the matter. Now (thought Thoobing) there was none; Kodell’s was contemptible. Kodell had been Director of Security when Thoobing was still on Terminus, dreaming of opposing Harla Branno in the race for Mayor, until he had been bought off with the ambassadorship. Branno had done it for her own sake, of course, but he had ended up owing her goodwill for that. But not to Kodell, somehow. Perhaps it was because of Kodell’s determined cheerfulness – the manner in which he was always such a friendly person – even after he had decided on just exactly the manner in which your throat was to be cut. Now he sat there in hyperspatial image, cheerful as ever, brimming over with bonhomie. His actual body was, of course, back on Terminus, which spared Thoobing the necessity of offering him any physical sign of hospitality. â€Å"Kodell,† he said. â€Å"I want those ships withdrawn.† Kodell smiled sunnily. â€Å"Why, so do I, but the old lady has made up her mind.† â€Å"You’ve been known to persuade her out of this or that.† â€Å"On occasion. Perhaps. When she wanted to be persuaded. This time she doesn’t want to be. – Thoobing, do your job. Keep Sayshell calm.† â€Å"I’m not thinking about Sayshell, Kodell. I’m thinking about the Foundation.† â€Å"So are we all.† â€Å"Kodell, don’t fence. I want you to listen to me.† â€Å"Gladly, but these are hectic times on Terminus and I will not listen to you forever.† â€Å"I will be as brief as I can be – when discussing the possibility of the Foundation’s destruction. If this hyperspatial line is not being tapped, I will speak openly.† â€Å"It is not being tapped.† â€Å"Then let me go on. I have received a message some days ago from one Golan Trevize. I recall a Trevize in my own political days, a Commissioner of Transportation.† â€Å"The young man’s uncle,† Kodell said. â€Å"Ah, then you know the Trevize who sent the message to me. According to the information I have since gathered, he was a Councilman who, after the recent successful resolution of a Seldon Crisis, was arrested and sent into exile.† â€Å"Exactly.† â€Å"I don’t believe it.† â€Å"What is it that you don’t believe?† â€Å"That he was sent into exile.† â€Å"Why not?† â€Å"When in history has any citizen of the Foundation been sent into exile?† demanded Thoobing. â€Å"He is arrested or not arrested. If he is arrested, he is tried or not tried. If he is tried, he is convicted or not convicted. If he is convicted, he is fined, demoted, disgraced, imprisoned, or executed. No one is sent into exile.† â€Å"There is always a first time.† â€Å"Nonsense. In an advanced naval vessel? What fool can fail to see that he is on a special mission for your old woman? Whom can she possibly expect to deceive?† â€Å"What would the mission be?† â€Å"Supposedly to find the planet Gaia.† Some of the cheerfulness left Kodell’s face. An unaccustomed hardness entered his eyes. He said, â€Å"I know that you feel no overwhelming impulse to believe my statements, Mr. Ambassador, but I make a special plea that you believe me in this one case. Neither the Mayor nor I had ever heard of Gaia at the time that Trevize was sent into exile. We have heard of Gaia, for the first time, just the other day. If you believe that, this conversation may continue.† â€Å"I will suspend my tendency toward skepticism long enough to accept that, Director, though it is difficult to do so.† â€Å"it is quite true, Mr. Ambassador, and if I have suddenly adopted a formal note to my statements it is because when this is done, you will find that you have questions to answer and that you will not find the occasion joyful. You speak as though Gaia is a world familiar to you. How is it that you know something we did not know? Is it not your duty to see to it that we know everything that you know about the political unit to which you are assigned?† Thoobing said softly, â€Å"Gaia is not part of the Sayshell Union. It, in fact, probably does not exist. Am I to transmit to Terminus all the fairy tales that the superstitious lower orders of Sayshell tell of Gaia? Some of them say that Gaia is located in hyperspace. According to others, it is a world that supernaturally protects Sayshell. According to still others, it sent forth the Mule to prey on the Galaxy. If you are planning to tell the Sayshellian government that Trevize has been sent out to find Gaia and that five advanced ships of the Foundation Navy have been sent out to back him in this search, they will never believe you. The people may believe fairy tales about Gaia, but the government does not – and they will not be convinced that the Foundation does. They will feel that you intend to force Sayshell into the Foundation Federation.† â€Å"And what if we do plan that?† â€Å"It would be fatal. Come, Kodell, in the five-century history of the Foundation, when have we fought a war of conquest? We have fought wars to prevent our own conquest – and failed once – but no war has ended with an extension of our territory. Accessions to the Federation have been through peaceful agreements. We have been joined by those who saw benefits in joining.† â€Å"Isn’t it possible that Sayshell may see benefits in joining?† â€Å"They will never do so while our ships remain on their borders. Withdraw them.† â€Å"It can’t be done.† â€Å"Kodell, Sayshell is a marvelous advertisement for the benevolence of the Foundation Federation. It is nearly enclosed by our territory, it is in an utterly vulnerable position, and yet until now it has been safe, has gone its own way, has even been able to maintain an anti-Foundation foreign policy freely. How better can we show the Galaxy that we force no one, that we come in friendship to all? – If we take over Sayshell, we take that which, in essence, we already have. After all, we dominate it economically – if quietly. But if we take it over by military force, we advertise to all the Galaxy that we have become expansionist.† â€Å"And if I tell you that we are really interested only in Gaia?† â€Å"Then I will believe it no more than the Sayshell Union will. This man, Trevize, sends me a message that he is on his way to Gaia and asks me to transmit it to Terminus. Against my better judgment, I do so because I must and, almost before the hyperspatial line is cool, the Foundation Navy is in motion. How will you get to Gaia, without penetrating Sayshellian space?† â€Å"My dear Thoobing, surely you are not listening to yourself. Did you not tell me just a few minutes ago that Gaia, if it exists at all, is not part of the Sayshell Union? And I presume you know that hyperspace is free to all and is part of no world’s territory. How then can Sayshell complain if we move from Foundation territory (where our ships stand right now), through hyperspace, into Gaian territory, and never in the process occupy a single cubic centimeter of Sayshellian territory?† â€Å"Sayshell will not interpret events like that, Kodell. Gaia, if it exists at all, is totally enclosed by the Sayshell Union, even if it is not a political part of it, and there are precedents that make such enclaves virtual parts of the enclosing territory, as far as enemy warships are concerned.† â€Å"Ours are not enemy warships. We are at peace with Sayshell.† â€Å"I tell you that Sayshell may declare war. They won’t expect to win such a war through military superiority, but the fact is, war will set off a wave of anti-Foundation activity throughout the Galaxy. The new expansionist policies of the Foundation will encourage the growth of alliances against us. Some of the members of the Federation will begin to rethink their ties to us. We may well lose the war through internal disarray and we will then certainly reverse the process of growth that has served the Foundation so well for five hundred years.† â€Å"Come, come, Thoobing,† said Kodell indifferently, â€Å"You speak as though five hundred years is nothing, as though we are still the Foundation of Salvor Hardin’s time, fighting the pocket-kingdom of Anacreon. We are far stronger now than the Galactic Empire ever was at its very height. A squadron of our ships could defeat the entire Galactic Navy, occupy any Galactic sector, and never know it had been in a fight.† â€Å"We are not fighting the Galactic Empire. We fight planets and sectors of our own time.† â€Å"Who have not advanced as we have. We could gather in all the Galaxy now.† â€Å"According to the Seldon Plan, we can’t do that for another five hundred years.† â€Å"The Seldon Plan underestimates the speed of technological advance. We can do it now! – Understand me, I don’t say we will do it now or even should do it now. I merely say we can do it now.† â€Å"Kodell, you have lived all your life on Terminus. You don’t know the Galaxy. Our Navy and our technology can beat down the Armed Forces of other worlds, but we cannot yet govern an entire rebellions, hate-ridden Galaxy – and that is what it will be if we take it by force. Withdraw the ships!† â€Å"It can’t be done, Thoobing. Consider. What if Gaia is not a myth?† Thoobing paused, scanning the other’s face as though anxious to read his mind. â€Å"A world in hyperspace not a myth?† â€Å"A world in hyperspace is superstition, but even superstitions may be built around kernels of truth. This man, Trevize, who was exiled, speaks of it as though it were a real world in real space. What if he is right?† â€Å"Nonsense. I don’t believe it.† â€Å"No? Believe it for just a moment. A real world that has lent Sayshell safety against the Mule and against the Foundation!† â€Å"But you refute yourself. How is Gaia keeping the Sayshellians safe from the Foundation? Are we not sending ships against it?† â€Å"Not against it, but against Gaia, which is so mysteriously unknown – which is so careful to avoid notice that while it is in real space it somehow convinces its neighbor worlds that it is in hyperspace – and which even manages to remain outside the computerized data of the best and most unabridged of Galactic maps.† â€Å"It must be a most unusual world, then, for it must be able to manipulate minds.† â€Å"And did you not say a moment ago that one Sayshellian tale is that Gaia sent forth the Mule to prey upon the Galaxy? And could not the Mule manipulate minds?† â€Å"And is Gaia a world of Mules, then?† â€Å"Are you sure it might not be?† â€Å"Why not a world of a reborn Second Foundation, in that case.† â€Å"Why not indeed? Should it not be investigated?† Thoobing grew sober. He had been smiling scornfully during the last exchanges, but now he lowered his head and stared up from under his eyebrows. â€Å"If you are serious, is such an investigation not dangerous?† â€Å"Is it?† â€Å"You answer my questions with other questions because you have no reasonable answers. Of what use will ships be against Mules or Second Foundationers? Is it not likely, in fact, that if they exist they are luring you into destruction? See here, you tell me that the Foundation can establish its Empire now, even though the Seldon Plan has reached only its midway point, and I have warned you that you would be racing too far ahead and that the intricacies of the Plan would slow you down by force. Perhaps, if Gaia exists and is what you say it is, all this is a device to bring about that slowdown. Do voluntarily now what you may soon be constrained to do. Do peacefully and without bloodshed now what you may be forced to do by woeful disaster. Withdraw the ships.† â€Å"It can’t be done. In fact, Thoobing, Mayor Branno herself plans to join the ships, and scoutships have already flitted through hyperspace to what is supposedly Gaian territory.† Thoobing’s eyes bulged. â€Å"There will surely be war, I tell you.† â€Å"You are our ambassador. Prevent that. Give the Sayshellians whatever assurances they need. Deny any ill will on our part. Tell them, if you have to, that it will pay them to sit quietly and wait for Gaia to destroy us. Say anything you want to, but keep them quiet.† He paused, searching Thoobing’s stunned expression, and said, â€Å"Really, that’s all. As far as I know, no Foundation ship will land on any world of the Sayshell Union or penetrate any point in real space that is part of that Union. However, any Sayshellian ship that attempts to challenge us outside Union territory – and therefore inside Foundation territory – will promptly be reduced to dust. Make that perfectly clear, too, and keep the Sayshellians quiet. You will be held to strict account if you fail. You have had an easy job so far, Thoobing, but hard times are upon you and the next few weeks decide all. Fail us and no place in the Galaxy will be safe for you.† There was neither merriment nor friendliness in Kodell’s face as contact was broken and as his image disappeared. Thoobing stared open – mouthed at the place where he had been. Golan Trevize clutched at his hair as though he were trying, by feel, to judge the condition of his thinking. He said to Pelorat abruptly, â€Å"What is your state of mind?† â€Å"State of mind?† said Pelorat blankly. â€Å"Yes. Here we are, trapped – with our ship under outside control and being drawn inexorably to a world we know nothing about. Do you feel panic?† Pelorat’s long face registered a certain melancholia. â€Å"No,† he said. â€Å"I don’t feel joyful. I do feel a little apprehensive, but I’m not panicky.† â€Å"Neither am I. Isn’t that odd? Why aren’t we more upset than we are?† â€Å"This is something we expected, Golan. Something like this.† Trevize turned to the screen. It remained firmly focused on the space station. It was larger now, which meant they were closer. It seemed to him that it was not an impressive space station in design. There was nothing to it that bespoke superscience. In fact, it seemed a bit primitive. – Yet it had the ship in its grip. He said, â€Å"I’m being very analytical, Janov. Cool! – I like to think that I am not a coward and that I can behave well under pressure, but I tend to flatter myself. Everyone does. I should be jumping up and down right now and sweating a little. We may have expected something, but that doesn’t change the fact that we are helpless and that we may be killed.† Pelorat said, â€Å"I don’t think so, Golan. If the Gaians could take over the ship at a distance, couldn’t they kill us at a distance? If we’re still alive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But we’re not altogether untouched. We’re too calm, I tell you. I think they’ve tranquilized us.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"To keep us in good shape mentally, I think. It’s possible they wish to question us. After that, they may kill us.† â€Å"If they are rational enough to want to question us, they may be rational enough not to kill us for no good reason.† Trevize leaned back in his chair (it bent back at least – they hadn’t deprived the chair of its functioning) and placed his feet on the desk where ordinarily his hands made contact with the computer. He said, â€Å"They may be quite ingenious enough to work up what they consider a good reason. – Still, if they’ve touched our minds, It hasn’t been by much. If it were the Mule, for instance, he would have made us eager to go – exalted, exultant, every fiber of ourselves crying out for arrival there.† He pointed to the space station. â€Å"Do you feel that way, Janov?† â€Å"Certainly not.† â€Å"You see that I’m still in a state where I can indulge in cool, analytical reasoning. Very odd! Or can I tell? Am I in a panic, incoherent, mad – and merely under the illusion that I am indulging in cool, analytical reasoning?† Pelorat shrugged. â€Å"You seem sane to me. Perhaps I am as insane as you and am under the same illusion, but that sort of argument gets us nowhere. All humanity could share a common insanity and be immersed in a common illusion while living in a common chaos. That can’t be disproved, but we have no choice but to follow our senses.† And then, abruptly, he said, â€Å"In fact, I’ve been doing some reasoning myself.† â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Well, we talk about Gaia as a world of Mules, possibly, or as the Second Foundation reborn. Has it occurred to you that a third alternative exists, one that is more reasonable than either of the first two.† â€Å"What third alternative?† Pelorat’s eyes seemed concentrating inward. He did not look at Trevize and his voice was low and thoughtful. â€Å"We have a world – Gaia – that has done its best, over an indefinite period of time, to maintain a strict isolation. It has in no way attempted to establish contact with any other world – not even the nearby worlds of the Sayshell Union. It has an advanced science, in some ways, if the stories of their destruction of fleets is true and certainly their ability to control us right now bespeaks it – and yet they have made no attempt to expand their power. They ask only to be left alone.† Trevize narrowed his eyes. â€Å"So?† â€Å"It’s all very inhuman. The more than twenty thousand years of human history in space has been an uninterrupted tale of expansion and attempted expansion. Just about every known world that can be inhabited is inhabited. Nearly every world has been quarreled over in the process and nearly every world has jostled each of its neighbors at one time or another. If Gaia is so inhuman as to be so different in this respect, it may be because it really is – inhuman.† Trevize shook his head. â€Å"Impossible.† â€Å"Why impossible?† said Pelorat warmly. â€Å"I’ve told you what a puzzle it is that the human race is the only evolved intelligence in the Galaxy. What if it isn’t? Might there not be one more – on one planet – that lacked the human expansionist drive? In fact,† Pelorat grew more excited, â€Å"what if there are a million intelligences in the Galaxy, but only one that is expansionist – ourselves? The others would all remain at home, unobtrusive, hidden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Ridiculous!† said Trevize. â€Å"We’d come across them. We’d land on their worlds. They would come in all types and stages of technology and most of them would be unable to stop us. But we’ve never come across any of them. Space! We’ve never even come across the ruins or relies of a nonhuman civilization, have we? You’re the historian, so you tell me. Have we?† Pelorat shook his head. â€Å"We haven’t. – But Golan, there could be one! This one!† â€Å"I don’t believe it. You say the name is Gaia, which is some ancient dialectical version of the name ‘Earth. ‘ How can that be nonhuman?† â€Å"The name ‘Gaia’ is given the planet by human beings – and who knows why? The resemblance to an ancient word might be coincidental. – Come to think of it, the very fact that we’ve been lured to Gaia – as you explained in great detail some time ago – and are now being drawn in against our will is an argument in favor of the nonhumanity of the Gaians.† â€Å"Why? What has that to do with nonhumanity?† â€Å"They’re curious about us – about humans.† Trevize said, â€Å"Janov, you’re mad. They’ve been living in a Galaxy surrounded by humans for thousands of years. Why should they be curious right now? Why not long before? And if right now, why us? If they want to study human beings and human culture, why not the Sayshell worlds? Why would they reach all the way to Terminus for us?† â€Å"They may be interested in the Foundation.† â€Å"Nonsense,† said Trevize violently. â€Å"Janov, you want a nonhuman intelligence and you will have one. Right now, I think that if you thought you were going to encounter nonhumans, you wouldn’t worry about having been captured, about being helpless, about being killed even – if they but gave you a little time to sate your curiosity.† Pelorat began to stutter an indignant negative, then stopped, drew a deep breath, and said, â€Å"Well, you may be right, Golan, but I’ll hold to my belief for a while just the same. I don’t think we’ll have to wait very long to see who’s right. – Look!† He pointed to the screen. Trevize – who had, in his excitement, ceased watching – now looked back. â€Å"What is it?† he said. â€Å"Isn’t that a ship taking off from the station?† â€Å"It’s something,† admitted Trevize reluctantly. â€Å"I can’t make out the details yet and I can’t magnify the view any further. It’s at maximum magnification.† After awhile he said, â€Å"It seems to be approaching us and I suppose it’s a ship. Shall we make a bet?† â€Å"What sort of bet?† Trevize said sardonically, â€Å"If we ever get back to Terminus, let’s have a big dinner for ourselves and any guests we each care to invite, up to, say, four – and it will be on me if that ship approaching us carries nonhumans and on you if it carries humans.† â€Å"I’m willing,† said Pelorat. â€Å"Done, then,† and Trevize peered at the screen, trying to make out details and wondering if any details could reasonably be expected to give away, beyond question, the nonhumanity (or humanity) of the beings on board. Branno’s iron-gray hair lay immaculately in place and she might have been in the Mayoral Palace, considering her equanimity. She showed no sign that she was deep in space for only the second time in her life. (And the first time – when she accompanied her parents on a holiday tour to Kalgan – could scarcely count. She had been only three at the time.) She said to Kodell with a certain weary heaviness, â€Å"It is Thoobing’s job, after all, to express his opinion and to warn me. Very well, he has warned me. I don’t hold it against him.† Kodell, who had boarded the Mayor’s ship in order to speak to her without the psychological difficulty of imaging, said, â€Å"He’s been at his post too long. He’s beginning to think like a Sayshellian.† â€Å"That’s the occupational hazard of an ambassadorship, Liono. Let us wait till this is over and we’ll give him a long sabbatical and then send him on to another assignment elsewhere. He’s a capable man. – After all, he did have the wit to forward Trevize’s message without delay.† Kodell smiled briefly. â€Å"Yes, he told me he did it against his better judgment. ‘I do so because I must’ he said. You see, Madam Mayor, he had to, even against his better judgment, because as soon as Trevize entered the space of the Sayshell Union, I informed Ambassador Thoobing to forward, at once, any and all information concerning him?’ â€Å"Oh?† Mayor Branno turned in her seat to see his face more clearly. â€Å"And what made you do that?† â€Å"Elementary considerations, actually. Trevize was using a latemodel Foundation naval vessel and the Sayshellians would be bound to notice that. He’s an undiplomatic young jackass and they would be bound to notice that. Therefore, he might get into trouble – and if there’s one thing a Foundationer knows, it is that if he gets into trouble anywhere in the Galaxy, he can cry out for the nearest Foundation representative. Personally I wouldn’t mind seeing Trevize in trouble – it might help him grow up and that would do him a great deal of good – but you’ve sent him out as your lightning rod and I wanted you to be able to estimate the nature of any lightning that might strike, so I made sure that the nearest Foundation representative would keep watch over him, that’s all.† â€Å"I see! Well, I understand now why Thoobing reacted so strenuously. I had sent him a similar warning. Since he heard from us both independently, one can scarcely blame him for thinking that the approach of a few Foundation vessels might mean a great deal more than it actually does. – How is it, Liono, you did not consult me on the matter before sending the warning?† Kodell said coolly, â€Å"If I involved you in everything I do, you would have no time to be Mayor. How is it that you did not inform me of your intention?† Branno said sourly, â€Å"If I informed you of all my intentions, Liono, you would know far too much. – But it is a small matter, and so is Thoobing’s alarm, and, for that matter, so is any fit that the Sayshellians throw. I am more interested in Trevize.† â€Å"Our scouts have located Compor. He is following Trevize and both are moving very cautiously toward Gaia.† â€Å"I have the full reports of those scouts, Liono. Apparently both Trevize and Compor are taking Gaia seriously.† â€Å"Everyone sneers at the superstitions concerning Gaia, Madam Mayor, but everyone thinks, ‘Yet what if – † Even Ambassador Thoobing manages to be a little uneasy about it. It could be a very shrewd policy on the part of the Sayshellians. A kind of protective coloration. If one spreads stories of a mysterious and invincible world, people will shy away not only from the world, but from any other worlds close by – such as the Sayshell Union.† â€Å"You think that is why the Mule turned away from Sayshell?† â€Å"Possibly.† â€Å"Surely you don’t think the Foundation has held its hand from Sayshell because of Gaia, when there is no record that we have ever heard of the world?† â€Å"I admit there’s no mention of Gaia in our archives, but neither is there any other reasonable explanation for our moderation with respect to the Sayshell Union.† â€Å"Let us hope, then, that the Sayshellian government, despite Thoobing’s opinion to the contrary, has convinced itself – even just a little bit – of Gaia’s might and of its deadly nature.† â€Å"Why so?† â€Å"Because then the Sayshell Union will raise no objections to our moving toward Gaia. The more they resent that movement, the more they will persuade themselves that it should be permitted so that Gaia will swallow us. The lesson, they will imagine, will be a salutary one and will not be lost on future invaders.† â€Å"Yet what if they should be right in such a belief, Mayor? What if Gaia is deadly?† Branno smiled. â€Å"You raise the ‘Yet what if – † yourself, do you, Liono?† â€Å"I must raise all possibilities, Mayor. It is my job.† â€Å"If Gaia is deadly, Trevize will be taken by them. That is his job as my lightning rod. And so may Compor, I hope.† â€Å"You hope? Why?† â€Å"Because it will make them overconfident, which should be useful to us. They will underestimate our power and be the easier to handle.† â€Å"But what if it is we who are overconfident?† â€Å"We are not,† said Branno flatly. â€Å"These Gaians – whatever they are – may be something we have no concept of and cannot properly estimate the danger of. I merely suggest that, Mayor, because even that possibility should be weighed.† â€Å"Indeed? Why does such a notion fall into your head, Liono?† â€Å"Because I think you feel that, at the worst, Gaia is the Second Foundation. I suspect you think they are the Second Foundation. However, Sayshell has an interesting history, even under the Empire. Sayshell alone had a measure of self-rule. Sayshell alone was spared some of the worst taxations under the so-called ‘Bad Emperors. ‘ In short, Sayshell seems to have had the protection of Gaia, even in Imperial times.† â€Å"Well then?† â€Å"But the Second Foundation was brought into existence by Hari Seldon at the same time our Foundation was. The Second Foundation did not exist in Imperial times – and Gaia did. Gaia, therefore, is not the Second Foundation. It is something else – and, just possibly, something worse.† â€Å"I don’t propose to be terrified by the unknown, Liono. There are only two possible sources of danger – physical weapons and mental weapons – and we are fully prepared for both. – You get back to your ship and keep the units on the Sayshellian outskirts. This ship will move toward Gaia alone, but will stay in contact with you at all times and will expect you to come to us in one Jump, if necessary. – Go, Liono, and get that perturbed look off your face.† â€Å"One last question? Are you sure you know what you’re doing?† â€Å"I do,† she said grimly. â€Å"I, too, have studied the history of Sayshell and have seen that Gaia cannot be the Second Foundation, but, as I told you, I have the full report of the scouts and from that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Well, I know where the Second Foundation is located and we will take care of both, Liono. We will take care of Gaia first and then Trantor.† How to cite Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIXTEEN CONVERGENCE, Essay examples